How To Kh

Category: Technical Skill

At **HowToKh**, we believe technical skills are the foundation of success in today’s digital landscape. Our **Technical Skill** section offers a wide range of step-by-step tutorials, practical tips, and expert resources to help you build and sharpen your abilities in areas like coding, data analysis, software development, and more. Whether you’re a beginner looking to learn new skills or an experienced professional seeking to refine your expertise, we provide accessible guides tailored to your learning needs.

**Ready to upgrade your skill set?** Visit **howtokh.com** and dive into our easy-to-follow tutorials to start mastering the technical skills that will set you apart.

  • How to Configure PPPoE on a MikroTik Router

    How to Configure PPPoE on a MikroTik Router

    MikroTik routers are powerful networking devices often used in both home and enterprise environments. Your Internet Service Provider (ISP) may supply your internet connection via PPPoE. In that case, configure your MikroTik router as a PPPoE client. This setup is essential. It allows the router to authenticate with your ISP. It also helps establish an internet connection when configuring PPPoE on MikroTik.

    Steps: Configure PPPoE on MikroTik Router

    Follow these steps to configure a PPPoE connection on your MikroTik router. You can use Winbox, WebFig, or the command line (CLI) for this setup. Just ensure you correctly configure PPPoE on the MikroTik interface. If you want to set up the PPPoE account with your computer, these instructions will help you connect it directly.

    Prerequisites:

    • MikroTik router is powered on and accessible.
    • You have administrative access to the router (via Winbox, WebFig, or CLI).
    • Your ISP has provided you with a PPPoE username and password.
    • The internet cable (from your ISP modem or ONU) is connected to Ether1 or your preferred WAN port. Properly configure PPPoE on this MikroTik WAN port.

    Configuration (Use Winbox or WebFig)

    1. Log in to the MikroTik Router

    • Open Winbox or access the router via WebFig (default IP is usually 192.168.88.1).
    • Log in with your username and password (default is admin, no password).

    2. Reset or Check Existing Configuration

    It is (Optional, but recommended for new setup)

    • Go to System > Reset Configuration if starting from scratch (optional).
    • Or check the existing configuration to avoid conflicts. When configuring PPPoE on your MikroTik, this step helps ensure nothing interrupts the setup.

    3. Assign WAN Port (Ether1) to PPPoE

    • Go to Interfaces > Interface List, confirm that ether1 is connected to the ISP.

    4. Configure PPPoE Client

    • Go to PPP > Interface tab.
    • Click the + and select PPPoE Client.
    • Set the following:
      • Name: (e.g., pppoe-out1)
      • Interface: ether1 (or your WAN port)
      • User: Enter the PPPoE username provided by your ISP
      • Password: Enter the PPPoE password
      • Dial On Demand: Unchecked
      • Add Default Route: Checked
      • Use Peer DNS: Checked
    • Click Apply, then OK. Ensuring the client configuration is correct is crucial when you configure PPPoE on a MikroTik interface.

    Then go to Dial Out and enter the PPPoE account and password.

    5. Check PPPoE Connection Status

    • Go to PPP > Interface.
    • You should see your PPPoE client showing a “running” status once connected.

    The PPPoE account has been set up.

    6. Configure NAT (Masquerade)

    • Go to IP > Firewall > NAT.
    • Click + to add a new rule:
      • Chain: srcnat
      • Out. Interface: select your PPPoE interface (e.g., pppoe-out1)
      • Go to the Action tab: set to masquerade which complements your PPPoE configuration on the MikroTik device.
    • Click Apply, then OK.

    7. Verify Internet Access

    • Go to New Terminal or Tools > Ping.
    • Run: ping 8.8.8.8 ping google.com
    • You should receive replies if the connection is working. Successful connectivity indicates you configured PPPoE on the MikroTik correctly.

    Command Line (CLI) Quick Configuration

    For advanced users or scripting:

    /interface pppoe-client add name=pppoe-out1 interface=ether1 user=YOUR_USERNAME password=YOUR_PASSWORD add-default-route=yes use-peer-dns=yes disabled=no
/ip firewall nat add chain=srcnat out-interface=pppoe-out1 action=masquerade

    By following these steps, you have successfully configured your MikroTik router to connect to the internet using a PPPoE connection. This setup enables the router to authenticate with your ISP and route traffic properly through NAT. If the connection fails, double-check your PPPoE credentials, cable connection, and interface settings. Remember, correctly configuring PPPoE on MikroTik ensures reliable internet access.

    Product Review: MikroTik hEX GER

    In a world dominated by wireless everything, there remains a critical need for robust, reliable, and powerful wired networking solutions. A dedicated wired router offers stability and performance. This is true whether it’s for a small office, a server closet, or the core of a sophisticated home network. Wireless devices simply cannot match this.

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    The MikroTik hEX, also known as the RB750Gr3, is a device built precisely for this purpose. This compact, unassuming box packs a serious punch, offering enterprise-grade features and hardware at an astonishingly affordable price point. This review will break down what makes the hEX a standout product for network enthusiasts and professionals alike.

    The MikroTik hEX (RB750Gr3) is a five-port Gigabit Ethernet router. It is designed for locations where pure wired performance and reliability are prioritized. Users also favor its advanced features over wireless connectivity. It is a versatile networking workhorse that excels in a variety of scenarios.

    Key Features & Performance:

    • Powerful Hardware: Don’t let its size or price fool you. The hEX is equipped with a powerful dual-core 880 MHz CPU and 256 MB of RAM. This hardware provides ample processing power for complex routing rules, queue management, and multiple VPN connections without breaking a sweat.
    • Excellent VPN Performance: A standout feature is its IPsec hardware encryption, which can achieve speeds of up to ~470 Mbps. This feature makes it an ideal choice for creating secure, high-speed site-to-site or client-to-site VPN tunnels. Such capabilities are typically found on much more expensive hardware.
    • Enhanced Storage & Monitoring: The inclusion of a microSD slot (a welcome upgrade from previous models) significantly improves read/write speeds. This is crucial for running the Dude network monitoring server package efficiently, as it can store historical data and maps. It also allows for basic file storage capabilities.
    • Comprehensive Physical Features: The device boasts a useful array of physical features:
      • A full-size USB port for additional storage or potentially for 3G/4G modem support.
      • Passive PoE Input (24V). This allows it to be powered via an Ethernet cable. This feature simplifies installation in locations without a convenient power outlet.
      • PCB Temperature and Voltage Monitors provide vital diagnostics to ensure the device is running within safe parameters.
      • A Mode Button for quickly resetting the device or enabling CAPsMAN client mode without needing physical access to the ports.

    Target Audience:

    This router is not designed for the casual user. Its operating system, RouterOS, is incredibly powerful but has a steep learning curve. The hEX is perfect for:

    • Network Professionals and Enthusiasts who need a customizable and powerful router.
    • Small to Medium Businesses requiring a reliable, wired router with advanced VPN capabilities.
    • Home Lab Users looking to learn enterprise networking concepts.
    • Anyone needing a dedicated VPN gateway requires a core router for a network. The network has a separate wireless access point that provides Wi-Fi.

    Pros:

    • Exceptional value for money.
    • Powerful hardware for advanced routing and filtering.
    • High-speed IPsec VPN performance.
    • Compact and fanless design, leading to silent operation.
    • Robust build quality and extensive monitoring features.

    Cons:

    • No built-in Wi-Fi.
    • RouterOS has a very steep learning curve; it is not a consumer-friendly plug-and-play device.
    • The initial configuration can be daunting for beginners.

    Conclusion

    The MikroTik hEX (RB750Gr3) is a testament to the idea that the best tool is often a specialized one. By forgoing wireless functionality, it focuses all its resources on being an exceptionally capable, reliable, and powerful wired router. It offers robust hardware specs and high-speed VPN encryption. Unique features like the Dude server support and microSD expansion enhance its value. These elements make it unparalleled in the networking world.

    Its complexity places it firmly in the hands of advanced users and professionals. However, for those with the knowledge to configure it, the hEX offers impressive performance and features. These can compete with routers costing many times its price. You need raw wired networking power. If you have the skills to harness it, the MikroTik hEX is an easy recommendation.

  • How to Resolve Ruijie Switch Cannot Add to Ruijie Cloud

    How to Resolve Ruijie Switch Cannot Add to Ruijie Cloud

    Ruijie Cloud provides centralized network management for switches, access points, and routers. Occasionally, when users try to add a Ruijie Switch to Ruijie Cloud, it remains in a “Waiting” state. Alternatively, it may show as “Not Online”. This issue usually stems from connectivity, configuration, or registration problems. Please follow the steps below to help you fix the problem efficiently. This error occurs because it cannot get the IP Address, MAC, and Model on the Ruijie Cloud. And it is also not online.

    Step-by-Step Troubleshooting Guide

    1. Check Internet Connectivity

    • Ensure the switch is physically connected to a network with internet access.
    • Ping an external address (e.g., 8.8.8.8) from the switch or connected PC to confirm outbound connectivity.

    2. Verify DNS Settings

    • Incorrect DNS can prevent the switch from reaching Ruijie Cloud servers.
    • Configure a public DNS like 8.8.8.8 or 1.1.1.1 on the switch via CLI or web GUI.

    3. Confirm Switch Time and Date

    • An incorrect system time can cause certificate and registration issues.
    • Set the correct time manually or use an NTP server.
    # CLI example:
clock set 2025-07-14 10:30:00

    4. Enable Cloud Management on Switch

    • Use CLI or the switch’s web interface to ensure cloud management is turned on.
    cloud enable
cloud active-code [your activation code]
    • You can find the activation code in Ruijie Cloud under Device > Add Device.

    5. Check for Duplicate Registrations

    • Make sure the switch is not already registered to another Ruijie Cloud account.
    • If previously registered, unbind it from the old account before re-adding.

    6. Verify Firmware Version

    • Outdated firmware may cause connectivity or compatibility issues.
    • Update the switch to the latest supported firmware version from Ruijie’s official website.

    If you want to upgrade Ruijie Switch firmware, you can follow the instructions below

    How to Update Ruijie Switch Firmware

    Firmware updates enhance the performance, stability, and security of your Ruijie switch. Keeping your switch up-to-date ensures compatibility with Ruijie Cloud and access to the latest features. Below are the step-by-step methods to update the firmware on a Ruijie switch using different tools.

    Method 1: Update via Ruijie Cloud

    Step-by-Step:

    1. Log in to Ruijie Cloud.
    2. Go to Device Management > Switches.
    3. Select the switch you want to update.
    4. Click Upgrade Firmware or go to the Tools section.
    5. Ruijie Cloud will show the available firmware version.
    6. Click Upgrade and confirm.

    🔄 The switch will reboot during the update. Perform this during a maintenance window.

    Method 2: Update via Web GUI

    Step-by-Step:

    1. Access the switch via its IP address in your browser (e.g., http://192.168.1.1).
    2. Log in with admin credentials.
    3. Go to System > Firmware Upgrade or Maintenance > Upgrade.
    4. Click Browse, then select the firmware .bin file you downloaded from Ruijie’s official site.
    5. Click Upload and Upgrade.
    6. Wait for the switch to reboot.

    To update the Ruijie Switch firmware, I will provide you with the easy steps in the screenshot below.

    1. Log in to switch via its IP address in your browser (e.g., http://192.168.1.1). To check the Ruijie Switch IP Address, you can connect your switch to Mikrotik. And check the IP address on Mikrotik. To make it easier for you to know the MAC Address of that switch. And search on Mikrotik with the MAC Address to check the IP address => IP => DHCP Server => Leases.

    2. Now, maybe you get the switch IP address, Ex, 192.168.1.1. Connect the switch to your computer, or if your laptop connects to Wi-Fi, to that network. Go to the browser and enter the IP address and keyboard enter. Default user and password: admin. Now, you can log in and switch. Youou can click on Delete Backup.

    3. Then, select that switch if you see more switches, and click on Manage

    From Home, go to System => Upgrade to browse to upload the update firmware zip file. If you have not yet downloaded it, you should go download the latest firmware version first. To download, you should follow up with your Ruijie switch model.

    Click Browse to upload the firmware file zip

    Select the file and => Open

    Then click on Upload

    Then, it takes a few minutes to upgrade

    After it finishes upgrading, you log in to the Ruijie cloud controller to add this switch again. Note: Before upgrading the Ruijie switch, you should delete it from the Ruijie cloud. This is necessary when you have been added before.

    Now, I have been logged in to Ruijie cloud to add this switch again.

    Right now, adding the Ruijie switch to the Ruijie cloud is a success.

    Method 3: Update via CLI (Advanced Users)

    Step-by-Step:

    1. Download the correct firmware from the Ruijie Support Site.
    2. Set up a TFTP or FTP server on your local PC.
    3. Connect to the switch via SSH or console.
    4. Upload the firmware using this command:
    copy tftp://<your-PC-IP>/firmware-name.bin flash:
    1. Set the new firmware as the startup image:
    boot system flash:firmware-name.bin
    1. Save and reboot:
    write
reload

    ⚠️ Make sure the switch does not lose power during the upgrade.

    Important Notes:

    • Always back up your configuration before upgrading.
    • Ensure the firmware file matches your switch model.
    • If unsure, contact Ruijie support or check the switch’s datasheet on the Ruijie website.

    Updating your Ruijie switch firmware is essential for optimal performance and compatibility. Whether you’re managing the switch through Ruijie Cloud, web GUI, or CLI, always follow the official upgrade steps. This careful approach helps avoid downtime or configuration loss. If needed, Ruijie support can assist with model-specific updates or troubleshooting.

    7. Allow Necessary Ports

    Ensure the following ports are not blocked by any firewall:

    • TCP: 80, 443, 10013, 52013
    • UDP: 123 (NTP), 53 (DNS)

    8. Restart the Switch

    • After making changes, reboot the switch to apply configurations and attempt a fresh connection to Ruijie Cloud.

    Conclusion

    If your Ruijie Switch remains in the “Waiting” state, there are typically internet, DNS, or registration issues. If it shows as “Not Online”, there are similar problems likely with the internet, DNS, or registration. By following the steps above, you can systematically eliminate potential causes and restore a successful connection to Ruijie Cloud. If the issue persists even after these steps, consider contacting Ruijie technical support. They can provide deeper diagnostics. They can also assist with device unbinding.

  • How to configure Ruijie Cloud to control Ruijie AP wifi and Switch

    How to configure Ruijie Cloud to control Ruijie AP wifi and Switch

    Configuring Ruijie Cloud to manage your network devices—specifically switches and access points—provides centralized control, streamlined configuration, and real-time monitoring. In your setup, you’ll assign 3 APs to Switch‑01 and another 3 to Switch‑02, each managed via Ruijie Cloud.

    🔧 Configuration Steps

    This guide covers account setup, device onboarding, grouping, VLAN/SSID mapping, and policy enforcement for efficient WLAN/switch coordination.

    1. Set Up Ruijie Cloud Account & Project

    1. Go to cloud‑as.ruijienetworks.com, create an account & log in.
    2. Under Configuration, click Add Project, enter your network/site name and timezone to begin configuring Ruijie Cloud.
    3. Choose scenario type (e.g., Campus/Wi‑Fi + Switch), then save.
    4. Configuration Wi-Fi SSID and Password

    Now, please follow the screenshot below clearly to follow up with us. When you created an account with Ruijie Cloud. Log in, and go to the Project, click on Add.

    After clicking on Next, you need to select which types of devices you want to add to monitoring. Type in the text box and click on Next.

    Then, it will pop up a new tab to assign the WiFi name SSID, and Password. Enter your WiFi name and password by selecting strong encryption, enter the password, and click on OK.

    Below is the WiFi that you just created. When you add any Ruijie AP WiFi to this cloud, you can use this SSID and password.

    2. Add Gateway/Switches

    1. Connect each switch to the internet-connected gateway (EG or equivalent).
    2. Access each switch through local CLI/web interface to configure: Switch(config)# cwmp Switch(config-cwmp)# acs url http://devicereg.ruijienetworks.com/service/tr069servlet
    3. In Ruijie Cloud, open the project. Then, go to Add Device → Switch. Input the serial number. Wait 3–5 minutes for the switch to show online.

    Note: I show only how to add a Switch to the cloud by going to Devices => Switch => Add

    Then enter the Serial Number of your Ruijie Switch at 1 SN: (…) and Alias: Switch-01 (name of your switch). Then click on Finish. Your switch is added to Ruijie Cloud. If your network line connects well, it will be online in a few minutes. To get the SN of your Ruijie Switch, you can check on the device next to the QR code.

    3. Add Access Points

    1. Connect each AP via PoE to its assigned switch (3 on Switch‑01, 3 on Switch‑02).
    2. Ruijie APs auto-provision through CWMP once online.
    3. In the project, click Add Device → AP. Then, scan the QR code or enter the SN manually. These steps configure Ruijie Cloud settings.
    4. Confirm all devices are Online & Synced.

    Connect each AP via PoE to its assigned switch (Note: your switch also has PoE support)

    Then log in to your Ruijie cloud and follow the steps. In the project, click Add Device → AP. Next, scan the QR code. Alternatively, you can enter the SN manually to configure Ruijie Cloud settings.

    After clicking on Add, a tab will pop up. You need to enter the SN of the AP. Then, enter the Name of your AP location. Finally, click on Finish.

    Below are the APs that I have added to the Ruijie Cloud controller. It is done.

    4. Organize Groups & Assign APs

    1. Navigate to Configuration → Groups.
    2. Create two AP groups: Group A (for Switch‑01) and Group B (for Switch‑02).
    3. Drag each AP into the appropriate group. You can add sub‑groups if needed while configuring Ruijie Cloud.

    5. Configure VLANs and SSIDs

    1. Under each group: Go to Wireless → Basic.
    2. Add SSIDs (e.g., Corp_AP1) and assign VLAN IDs according to the backend network.
    3. Ensure uplink interfaces on switches are set to trunk with VLANs used by APs (e.g., VLAN 10 for Group‑A, VLAN 20 for Group‑B) as you configure Ruijie Cloud.

    6. Switch Port & VLAN Configuration

    1. On each switch in Cloud: set access ports (for APs) to the untagged VLAN of its group.
    2. Configure the uplink port as a trunk carrying all VLANs (1, 10, 20…).

    7. Apply & Verify

    1. Save and push the configuration.
    2. In Cloud → Dashboard, check device statuses.
    3. Test client devices: Should connect to the correct SSID and receive IP from the proper VLAN.
    4. Troubleshoot using switch/AP logs, ping cloud, and verify CWMP connectivity while configuring Ruijie Cloud network solutions.

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    ✅ Conclusion

    By configuring Ruijie Cloud, you’ve established centralized control over your switches and APs. This enables scalable group management. It also allows VLAN-based SSID deployment and secure device monitoring. This setup offers effortless policy propagation and visibility—whether troubleshooting firmware, VLAN mismatches, or client connectivity. If your plan grows, simply add new switches or AP groups in Cloud. Let me know if you’d like assistance with VLAN planning or Wi‑Fi tuning!

  • How to update the PHP versions on the WordPress website

    How to update the PHP versions on the WordPress website

    Keeping your WordPress website running on the latest supported PHP version is essential for maintaining performance, security, and compatibility. PHP 8.3 introduces several improvements over previous versions, including better speed, more robust typing, and enhanced error handling. However, if you need to update the PHP versions on the WordPress platform, it’s not just a click-and-go process.

    You must plan carefully to ensure your website continues to function smoothly. This guide will walk you through the steps to safely upgrade your WordPress site to PHP 8.3. To update the PHP version of your WordPress website to PHP 8.3, follow these steps. The exact process depends on your hosting environment, but the general steps are outlined below:

    Your website might alert you to update the PHP version. It indicates that the current PHP version is outdated. Follow the steps below.

    ✅ Step 1: Check WordPress Compatibility

    Before updating PHP, ensure your WordPress version, theme, and plugins are compatible with PHP 8.3:

    • Update WordPress to the latest version.
    • Update all themes and plugins.
    • Check for PHP 8.3 compatibility using the PHP Compatibility Checker plugin. Note: Some results may be inaccurate. Test in a staging site if possible.

    ✅ Step 2: Backup Your Website

    Use a plugin like UpdraftPlus, All-in-One WP Migration, or your hosting provider’s tools to:

    ✅ Step 3: Switch PHP Version Control Panel

    💡 Common Hosting Panels:

    cPanel:

    1. Log in to cPanel.
    2. Go to Select PHP Version or MultiPHP Manager.
    3. Locate your domain.
    4. Select PHP 8.3 from the dropdown.
    5. Click Apply or Save.

    When you have logged in to your hosting cPanel go down to Software and go to PHP MultiPHP Manager.

    Then, select your website that you want to update the PHP version, go to the right side, choose the latest PHP version, and click Apply

    Now the PHP version 8.3 is updated on my website, done. For other hosting, you can follow with steps below

    Plesk:

    1. Log in to Plesk.
    2. Navigate to Websites & Domains > PHP Settings.
    3. Choose PHP 8.3 from the PHP version dropdown.
    4. Click Apply.

    SiteGround:

    1. Log in to Site Tools.
    2. Go to Dev > PHP Manager.
    3. Click Edit next to the domain.
    4. Choose PHP 8.3 and click Confirm.

    Bluehost, HostGator, GoDaddy, etc.:

    • Use their respective PHP or Software Settings panel (search for “PHP Version”).
    • Most provide a way to choose PHP 8.3 from a dropdown.

    If unsure, contact your host’s support for assistance.

    ✅ Step 4: Test Your Website Thoroughly

    After upgrading:

    • Check your site on the front end.
    • Test contact forms, shopping carts, and other dynamic features.
    • Check the WordPress admin area for issues.

    ✅ Step 5: Fix Any Issues

    If something breaks:

    • Restore your backup.
    • Test on a staging site first.
    • Consider updating/replacing incompatible plugins.

    ⚙️ Optional: Use a Staging Site First

    If your host supports staging (e.g., Kinsta, WP Engine, SiteGround). Clone your site to a staging environment, update PHP there, and test before applying to your live site.

    Why Need to update PHP version on website?

    1. Improved Performance

    Newer versions of PHP are significantly faster and more efficient. PHP 8.3, for example, executes code faster than previous versions, which means:

    • Quicker page load times
    • Lower server resource usage
    • Better handling of high traffic

    Faster websites also contribute to better SEO and user experience.

    2. Enhanced Security

    Older PHP versions no longer receive security updates. Running an outdated PHP version exposes your website to:

    • Vulnerabilities and exploits
    • Malware attacks
    • Compatibility issues with newer security practices

    Updating to PHP 8.3 ensures you are using a version that’s actively maintained and secure.

    3. Compatibility Latest WordPress Features

    WordPress and many plugins/themes are built to work with newer PHP versions. Updating PHP ensures:

    • Compatibility with the latest WordPress core releases
    • Proper functioning of modern plugins and themes
    • Fewer bugs or unexpected errors

    4. Access to New Language Features

    PHP 8.3 introduces:

    • Enhanced type safety
    • Improved error handling
    • Cleaner syntax
    • New functions and performance improvements

    These features make development more robust and future-friendly, even if you’re not writing code yourself.

    5. Compliance and Best Practices

    Using up-to-date software is part of website maintenance best practices. Many hosting providers, developers, and security services require a modern PHP version to ensure:

    • Regulatory compliance
    • Compatibility with performance monitoring and caching tools
    • Long-term stability

    ⚠️ What Happens If You Don’t Update?

    • Your site may become slow and insecure.
    • You might face plugin/theme compatibility issues.
    • Hosting providers may eventually force an update or drop support.

    Conclusion

    Upgrading your website to PHP 8.3 is a proactive step toward improved speed, security, and long-term compatibility. Follow the proper update process by checking compatibility and backing up your site. Update via your hosting control panel, and thoroughly test afterward. This way, you can minimize potential issues and enjoy the benefits of a modern PHP environment.

    If you’re unsure at any stage, consider testing in a staging environment or consulting with your hosting provider for guidance. Taking these precautions ensures your website remains reliable, secure, and optimized for the future.

  • How to Copy on Both Sides HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M283fdw

    How to Copy on Both Sides HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M283fdw

    The HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M283fdw is a versatile all-in-one printer. It is designed to handle a range of tasks. These tasks include high-quality color printing, scanning, and copying. It does not support automatic two-sided copying.

    Steps to Copy on Both Sides (Manually)

    However, it allows manual duplex copying. You just need to flip the pages yourself during the process. This guide walks you through step-by-step instructions on how to copy a two-sided document using the manual method.

    ✅ Step 1: Load the Original Document

    • Place the original document you want to copy face down on the scanner glass.
    • If you have a single-sided original, just place one side.
    • If it’s already two-sided, you’ll scan one side at a time.

    To copy 2 pages of a paper onto 1 paper that has 2 sides, first put the 2 papers into the HP printer

    Copy on Both Sides HP Color

    ✅ Step 2: Start the Copy Process

    • On the printer’s touchscreen, tap the Copy icon.
    • Adjust copy settings like color, number of copies, and paper size if needed.
    Copy on Both Sides HP Color

    ✅ Step 3: Copy the First Side

    • Tap on Settings to copy the first side.
    • Once it prints, take the copied page from the output tray.
    Copy on Both Sides HP Color

    ✅ Step 4: Select Two-sides

    • To go to the function to copy
    Copy on Both Sides HP Color

    📌 Tip: It may take a try or two to get the orientation correct. You might need to flip it horizontally or vertically. This depends on your settings and how the printer feeds the paper.

    Optional: Use the Document Feeder (ADF)

    If you have two single-sided originals (not printed back-to-back), and want to make a double-sided copy:

    1. Place both originals face up in the ADF (Automatic Document Feeder).
    2. On the touchscreen:
      • Go to Copy Settings.
      • Look for an option like Duplex Copy or 2-sided copy, if available.
      • Choose 1->2 Sided (meaning you are copying two single-sided pages onto one double-sided sheet).
    3. Then click on
    Copy on Both Sides HP Color

    Then click on Black or Color that you want to print. Here, I clicked on Black for printing.

    Copy on Both Sides HP Color

    Note: If your firmware version doesn’t offer built-in duplex options in the copy menu. Then you will have to copy manually. It is necessary to rely on manual copying. You need to copy manually. This is the only way.

    Now it has been copied with both sides.

    Copy on Both Sides HP Color7

    The HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M283fdw does not support automatic two-sided copying. However, you can still perform manual duplex copying by following a few simple steps. Once you get used to the process, it becomes quick and efficient. If you regularly need double-sided copies, use the ADF for multi-page jobs. Refeed the paper manually for duplex output. Learn more with other tips. Discover how to fix the HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M478fnw if it is not printing on both sides.

    Product Overview: HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP

    In the fast-paced world of business, your team needs technology that keeps up. Meet the HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP 3301fdw (499Q5F). It’s the wireless all-in-one laser printer. This device is built to handle the high demands of your office. This printer delivers stunning, professional-quality reports. It offers efficient scanning and secure faxing. It is the perfect hub for your small team’s workflow.

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    (Key Features Section)

    Vivid, Professional Color Output
    Make every document a statement. The MFP 3301fdw uses next-generation TerraJet toner. It delivers remarkably vivid colors and sharp black text. This ensures your in-house reports, marketing materials, and client presentations always look their absolute best.

    Engineered for Maximum Productivity
    Stop waiting for your printer and start accomplishing more. With print speeds of up to 26 pages per minute—for both black and color—this printer powers through workloads. Boost efficiency further with built-in automatic duplexing. This feature allows for 2-sided printing. Additionally, a 50-page automatic document feeder ensures quick, hands-free scanning and copying.

    Award-Winning Reliability
    You can count on it. As part of America’s most trusted printer brand, the Color LaserJet Pro MFP 3301fdw is designed for durability. It’s always ready to perform, page after page, meeting the relentless demands of your business without hesitation.

    Simplified Wireless Connectivity
    Stay connected without the headaches. The dual-band Wi-Fi with self-reset technology automatically detects common connection issues. It also resolves these issues. This ensures your team can print reliably from their laptops, phones, or tablets.

    Robust All-in-One Functionality
    This isn’t just a printer. It’s a complete office solution:

    • Print: High-speed, professional color and black.
    • Scan & Copy: 2-sided single-pass scanning saves time.
    • Fax: Send and receive faxes directly.

    Specifications Summary:

    • Model: HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP 3301fdw (499Q5F)
    • Functions: Print, Scan, Copy, Fax
    • Print Speed: Up to 26 ppm (black/color)
    • Paper Handling: 250-sheet input tray, Auto Duplex Printing
    • Connectivity: Wireless, Dual-band Wi-Fi with Self-Resetting
    • Special Technology: TerraJet Toner for vivid color

    (Note on Cartridges)
    This printer is intended to work only with cartridges with HP chips or circuitry. It is designed to block cartridges using non-HP chips or circuitry. Periodic firmware updates will maintain the effectiveness of these measures to protect print quality and hardware integrity.

    5 Reasons HP Color Pro is Best for the Office

    Is your office printer holding your team back? If you’re dealing with slow print speeds, dull colors, or constant connection drops, it’s time for an upgrade. The HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP 3301fdw is designed specifically to solve these problems. Here’s why it’s the best choice for small teams that value quality and efficiency.

    1. First Impressions Matter: Professional Vivid Color
    Your internal and external documents represent your business. The advanced TerraJet toner technology produces incredibly vibrant colors and crisp text, turning everyday reports into professional statements. It could be a chart for a meeting. It might be a proposal for a client. Always ensure your work looks its best.

    2. Built for Speed, Designed for Efficiency
    Time is money. With print speeds up to 26 ppm for both black and color, this printer eliminates bottlenecks. Features like automatic two-sided printing and a 50-page Automatic Document Feeder (ADF) offer multi-tasking. Your team can print one job while scanning another. This dramatically boosts overall productivity.

    3. Uninterrupted Workflow with Self-Healing Wi-Fi
    There’s nothing more frustrating than a printer that won’t connect. The dual-band Wi-Fi with self-reset is a game-changer. It automatically detects connection issues. It resets itself to get your team back to printing in minutes. This minimizes downtime and IT support tickets.

    4. The Reliability of America’s Most Trusted Brand
    You need hardware you can depend on. HP is known for its award-winning reliability, and the 3301fdw is built to this standard. It’s engineered for the high demands of a business environment, ensuring it’s ready to perform whenever you are.

    5. An All-in-One Powerhouse
    Why clutter your office with separate devices? This single unit expertly handles printing, scanning, copying, and faxing. The two-sided, single-pass scanner is a standout feature. It digitizes both sides of a document in one go. This saves you significant time and effort.

    The Bottom Line:
    The HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP 3301fdw (499Q5F) isn’t just a printer; it’s a productivity partner. It combines speed, stunning color quality, and robust reliability. This compact device is perfect for any small office looking to upgrade its capabilities and professionalism.

    Technical Specifications / Feature Breakdown

    Product: HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP 3301fdw Wireless All-in-One Color Laser Printer (499Q5F)

    Core Functionality:

    • All-in-One: Print, Scan, Copy, Fax
    • Technology: Color Laser
    • Best For: Small office teams, professional home offices

    Print Performance:

    • Print Speed: Up to 26 pages per minute (black and color)
    • First Page Out: As fast as 11 seconds
    • Toner Technology: Next-generation HP TerraJet Toner
    • Duty Cycle: Robust design for high-volume printing demands
    • Duplex Printing: Automatic two-sided printing (standard)

    Scan & Copy Performance:

    • Scanner Type: Flatbed + Automatic Document Feeder (ADF)
    • ADF Capacity: 50 sheets
    • Scan Features: 2-sided single-pass scanning
    • Optical Resolution: High-resolution for sharp digital copies

    Paper Handling:

    • Input Tray Capacity: 250 sheets
    • Output Tray Capacity: 100 sheets

    Connectivity:

    • Standard: Wireless Wi-Fi
    • Wi-Fi Technology: Dual-band (2.4 GHz & 5 GHz)
    • Smart Feature: Wi-Fi self-reset for automatic troubleshooting

    Additional Features:

    • Brand Reliability: Award-winning HP performance
    • Security: HP+ is optional for advanced security features
    • Mobile Printing: HP Smart App enabled for printing from anywhere

    Important Product Note:

    • This printer is designed to work exclusively with cartridges containing original HP chips or circuitry. It will not function with cartridges using non-HP chips. Periodic firmware updates preserve the integrity of this measure and ensure consistent print quality and printer performance.

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  • How to fix HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M478fnw, Not print both sides

    How to fix HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M478fnw, Not print both sides

    You are facing issues with duplex (two-sided) printing on the HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M478fnw. This occurs even after selecting the option to print on both sides. Let’s work through a few troubleshooting steps to fix that. You can also check these tips. They explain how to copy on both sides of the HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M283fdw. It is the type of HP Color LaserJet Pro, but a different model.

    This is the step to fix the HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP. It addresses the issue of not printing on both sides. It may be able to help solve your problem. You can try first to see if you can fix it or not.

    ix HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M478fnw

    1. Check Duplexer Two-Sided Unit

    (Automatic Two-Sided Printing Unit). The HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M478fnw has a built-in duplexer for automatic two-sided printing. Sometimes, issues can occur if the duplexer is not functioning properly or has become disabled.

    • Check for Paper Jams or Obstructions:
      Open the duplexer at the back of the printer. Ensure there are no paper jams. Also, check for any debris inside. If something is stuck, carefully remove it.
    • Ensure Duplexer is Installed Properly:
      Ensure the duplexer is securely attached to the printer. If it’s loose or not seated properly, the printer won’t be able to print on both sides.
    ix HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M478fnw

    2. Verify Printer Settings Control Panel

    Verify Printer Settings on the Printer’s Control Panel. You may have selected duplex printing from the computer, but let’s double-check the settings directly on the printer’s control panel.

    • From the Home screen of the printer, tap the Setup icon (gear symbol).
    • Navigate to Printing Setup or Print Settings.
    • Find Duplex Printing and ensure it is set to Automatic.
    • Make sure the Auto Duplex option is turned ON.

    3. Verify Printer Driver Settings

    Verify Printer Driver Settings on the Computer. Sometimes the duplex option doesn’t get passed to the printer correctly. Let’s check your print settings on your computer.

    For Windows:

    • Open the document you want to print.
    • Click File > Print.
    • Select the HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M478fnw printer.
    • Click on Printer Properties or Preferences.
    • Under the Layout or Finishing tab, ensure Print on both sides or Duplex Printing is enabled.
    • Click OK to save and then try printing again.
    Print on both sides

    For Mac:

    • Open the document you want to print.
    • Go to File > Print.
    • Under the Layout drop-down, ensure Two-Sided is checked.
    • Select the appropriate binding option (usually Long Edge for portrait mode and Short Edge for landscape mode).
    • Try printing again.

    4. Check Paper Size & Orientation

    The paper size and orientation need to be correctly set to allow duplex printing.

    • Ensure the paper is loaded properly in the input tray. For instance, ensure that the stack of paper is not too high and that the paper is positioned correctly.
    • Double-check the paper size being used (e.g., A4, Letter) to ensure it matches your print settings.

    5. Update Printer Firmware

    Firmware issues can sometimes interfere with duplex printing. Let’s make sure your printer’s firmware is up-to-date.

    • Visit the HP Support website.
    • Enter your printer model (HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M478fnw) and look for the latest firmware version.
    • If a new version is available, follow the instructions on the HP website to update the firmware.

    6. Update Printer Drivers

    Outdated drivers can cause issues with duplex printing.

    • Visit the HP Support website and download the latest drivers for your model.
    • Install the new drivers and restart your computer. Then, try printing again.

    7. Check Printer Queue Stuck Jobs

    Sometimes, a stuck print job can interfere with printing. Ensure there are no pending jobs in the print queue.

    • Go to your Control Panel (Windows) or System Preferences (Mac).
    • Open the Printers & Scanners section.
    • Select your HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M478fnw and open the Print Queue.
    • Cancel any stuck or pending print jobs.
    • Try printing your document again.

    8. Manual Duplex Printing

    We can do this for (as a Temporary Fix). If nothing else works, you can try manual duplex printing as a workaround:

    • For Windows:
      • In the print dialog, select Print Odd Pages first.
      • After the odd pages are printed, flip the printed pages over and reinsert them into the paper tray.
      • Then, print the Even Pages.
    • For Mac:
      • From the print dialog, select Odd Pages first. Then, flip the pages over and follow the same steps for printing the Even Pages.

    9. Restart Printer and Computer

    Sometimes a simple restart can clear out any issues.

    • Turn off the printer, wait for about 30 seconds, and then turn it back on.
    • Restart your computer as well to ensure any settings are refreshed.

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    These steps should help you resolve the issue with duplex printing on your HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP M478fnw. If it still doesn’t work after following these steps, there might be a hardware issue with the duplexer unit itself. In that case, you may need to contact HP support or a technician for further assistance.

  • What are the PCQ and QoS on the Mikrotik Router?

    What are the PCQ and QoS on the Mikrotik Router?

    Managing internet speed and ensuring fair access across users or devices is a common challenge in any network. MikroTik routers offer powerful tools to handle this through PCQ (Per Connection Queueing) and QoS (Quality of Service) features. Whether you’re running a home network, office, or ISP-grade infrastructure, understanding PCQ and QoS on Mikrotik is crucial.

    What is PCQ in MikroTik?

    It will help you optimize performance. You can also prevent congestion. Let’s break down what these features are, how they work, and how to apply them effectively on a MikroTik router. PCQ (Per Connection Queue) is a special queue type in MikroTik RouterOS. It is designed to evenly distribute available bandwidth among multiple users or connections. This feature is a crucial aspect of using PCQ and QoS on Mikrotik.

    🔹 Key Features of PCQ:

    • Automatically shares bandwidth fairly.
    • Doesn’t require you to define a specific bandwidth for each user.
    • Ideal for environments with many users (e.g., offices, apartments, public Wi-Fi).

    ✅ Example: PCQ in Action

    Goal: Share a 20 Mbps internet connection fairly among all users in the 192.168.88.0/24 subnet reflected in PCQ and QoS on the Mikrotik setup.

    Step 1 – Create PCQ Queue Types:

    /queue type
add name=pcq-download kind=pcq pcq-classifier=dst-address pcq-rate=5M
add name=pcq-upload kind=pcq pcq-classifier=src-address pcq-rate=2M

    Step 2 – Apply a Simple Queue Using PCQ:

    /queue simple
add name="Shared Bandwidth" target=192.168.88.0/24 \
 queue=pcq-upload/pcq-download max-limit=20M/20M

    🎯 Result: The available bandwidth is automatically and fairly divided among all active users.

    What is QoS in MikroTik?

    QoS (Quality of Service) refers to mechanisms used to prioritize certain types of traffic over others. It ensures that high-priority services, like VoIP or video conferencing, receive the necessary bandwidth. Their performance remains stable, even when the network is under heavy load. This is a savvy use of PCQ and QoS on the Mikrotik.

    🔹 QoS Tools in MikroTik:

    • Mangle Rules: To mark different types of traffic.
    • Queue Trees: To apply bandwidth and priority policies.
    • Priority Levels (1–8): 1 is highest, 8 is lowest.

    ✅ Example: QoS in Action

    Goal: Prioritize VoIP traffic over general browsing—another example of employing PCQ and QoS on the Mikrotik.

    Step 1 – Mark VoIP Traffic Using Mangle:

    /ip firewall mangle
add chain=forward protocol=udp port=5060 action=mark-packet \
 new-packet-mark=voip_traffic passthrough=yes comment="Mark VoIP"

    Step 2 – Create a Queue Tree for VoIP with Higher Priority:

    /queue tree
add name="VoIP Priority" parent=global packet-mark=voip_traffic \
 priority=1 max-limit=2M

    🎯 Result: VoIP packets are given top priority on the network, reducing latency and jitter.

    PCQ and QoS are essential tools in MikroTik for creating fair, efficient, and optimized networks. Per Connection Queue helps divide bandwidth evenly among users, while QoS ensures critical services are prioritized. PCQ and QoS on the Mikrotik enhance network performance, whether you’re managing a few devices or a large user base.

    If you’re interested in learning more about MikroTik routers, step-by-step configurations. And advanced network management, be sure to check out more resources and tutorials on [Mikrotik Router]. You go-to source for practical MikroTik knowledge.

    The MikroTik RB4011 is an exceptionally powerful router designed for high-performance networking needs. This router features ten Gigabit Ethernet ports. It also has an SFP+ 10Gbps interface. These features bring unparalleled speed and efficiency to your home or office network. The RB4011 ensures secure and fast data transfer with its IPsec hardware acceleration. This makes it ideal for businesses and tech-savvy users alike.

    Advanced Specifications

    The RB4011 is powered by a robust quad-core Cortex A15 CPU. This is the same processor found in MikroTik’s carrier-grade RB1100AHx4 unit. This powerful CPU, paired with 1GB of RAM, ensures seamless multitasking and efficient handling of heavy-duty network tasks.

    Design and Build Quality

    The MikroTik RB4011 comes in a professional-looking, solid metal enclosure. It has a sleek matte black finish. This makes it not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing. The compact design allows for easy integration into various setups. The included two rackmount ears provide secure installation in a standard 1U rack space.

    Power over Ethernet Capability

    The RB4011 can provide Power over Ethernet (PoE) output on port #10. This is one of its standout features. This allows you to power connected devices without needing additional power cables. This setup makes your network cleaner and more efficient. The PoE input supports passive PoE with a voltage range of 18-57 V. This ensures compatibility with a wide variety of devices.

    Dimensions and Weight

    The MikroTik RB4011 measures 228 x 120 x 30 mm (4.72 x 8.98 x 1.18 inches) and weighs just 1.39 pounds. Its compact size makes it easy to place in tight spaces, while still providing powerful networking capabilities.

    Power Consumption

    With a maximum power consumption of 33 W, the RB4011 is energy-efficient without compromising performance. This makes it a great choice for those looking to minimize their energy footprint while maintaining high-speed internet access.

    Conclusion

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    The MikroTik RB4011 Ethernet 10-Port Gigabit Router (RB4011iGS+RM) is a top-tier networking solution that combines power, efficiency, and advanced features. This router delivers exceptional performance for home use. It is equally effective for small businesses and large enterprises. It ensures that your network can handle the demands of modern technology. The RB4011 has a robust build quality. Its versatile features make it a reliable choice. It is ideal for anyone looking to upgrade their network infrastructure.

    Product Details:

    • Item model number: RB4011IGS+RM
    • ASIN: B07HBW2NTR
    • Date First Available: September 14, 2018
    • Manufacturer: MikroTik
    • Is Discontinued By Manufacturer: No
  • How to Manage Bandwidth on a MikroTik Router

    How to Manage Bandwidth on a MikroTik Router

    To effectively manage bandwidth on a MikroTik Router, it is crucial to maintain a fast, stable, and fair network. This is especially important in environments where multiple users or devices share a single internet connection. MikroTik routers offer robust tools in RouterOS to monitor, limit, and shape traffic using queues.

    Step: Manage Bandwidth MikroTik

    Whether you’re an ISP, office administrator, or home user, this guide will assist you effectively. It will help you manage the bandwidth on a MikroTik Router efficiently. It will guide you through the allocation process step by step.

    ✅ Step 1: Identify Interface IP Ranges

    Before applying bandwidth limits:

    ✅ Step 2: Use Simple Queues

    (Basic Bandwidth Limiting). Example: Limit a single device (IP: 192.168.88.10) to 5 Mbps download and 2 Mbps upload.

    /queue simple add name="Limit_User1" target=192.168.88.10/32 \
 max-limit=5M/2M comment="Limit for User1"

    Tip: Use Winbox to add Simple Queues via Queues > Simple Queues.

    ✅ Step 3: Use Per Connection Queuing

    We Use PCQ For Fair Bandwidth Sharing. To share bandwidth fairly among multiple users, set up PCQ (Per Connection Queueing).

    Step 3.1: Create PCQ Queue Types

    /queue type
add name=pcq-download kind=pcq pcq-classifier=dst-address pcq-rate=5M pcq-total-limit=2000000
add name=pcq-upload kind=pcq pcq-classifier=src-address pcq-rate=2M pcq-total-limit=2000000

    Step 3.2: Create a Simple Queue Using PCQ

    /queue simple add name="LAN Bandwidth Limit" target=192.168.88.0/24 \
 queue=pcq-upload/pcq-download max-limit=10M/10M

    This evenly distributes the 10 Mbps connection among all users in the subnet.

    ✅ Step 4: Use Queue Trees

    We use the Queue Trees for Advanced Bandwidth Management (Optional). Queue Trees are better for upload/download separation and multiple bandwidth classes on your MikroTik Router.

    Step 4.1: Mark Traffic in Mangle

    /ip firewall mangle
add chain=forward src-address=192.168.88.0/24 action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=upload passthrough=yes
add chain=forward dst-address=192.168.88.0/24 action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=download passthrough=yes

    Step 4.2: Create Queue Tree Rules

    /queue tree
add name="Upload Limit" parent=ether1 packet-mark=upload queue=pcq-upload max-limit=10M
add name="Download Limit" parent=ether1 packet-mark=download queue=pcq-download max-limit=10M

    Replace ether1 with the correct interface (LAN or WAN, depending on direction).

    ✅ Step 5: Monitor Bandwidth Usage

    • Use Winbox > Queues to see real-time usage.
    • Use Tools > Torch to inspect live traffic per IP, port, and protocol.

    ✅ Step 6: Prioritize Critical Services

    This step is (Optional). You can use priority settings in queues to ensure services like VoIP or Zoom get better bandwidth quality.

    Example:

    /queue simple add name="VoIP Priority" target=192.168.88.50/32 \
 max-limit=1M/1M priority=1

    Managing bandwidth on a MikroTik router is both flexible and powerful. You might want a simple per-user limit. Alternatively, you could seek advanced control using queue trees and packet marking. MikroTik gives you all the tools you need to effectively manage your bandwidth.

    Start with simple queues if you’re new, and move into PCQ or queue trees as your network grows in complexity. With proper bandwidth management, you’ll enjoy a smoother and more reliable internet experience for everyone on your network.

    Mikrotik Ethernet Router Review

    The Mikrotik CCR2004-16G-2S+PC is a high-performance Ethernet router designed for enterprise-level networking. Mikrotik manufactures this product. They are a well-known name in the networking industry. This product is categorized as an Ethernet router. It is intended for use in medium to large networks that require robust and reliable connectivity.

    Appearance and Design

    The CCR2004-16G-2S+PC features a sleek, modern design that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing. The router is housed in a sturdy metal chassis, ensuring durability while providing efficient heat dissipation. The front panel showcases 16 Gigabit Ethernet ports and 2 SFP+ cages, designed for easy access and organization.

    The LED indicators are well-placed, allowing for quick status checks of the device’s operation. Its rack-mountable design makes it ideal for integration into server racks or network cabinets, further enhancing its professional appearance.

    Key Features and Specifications

    • 16x Gigabit Ethernet Ports: Provides ample connectivity options for various devices.
    • 2x 10G SFP+ Cages: Allows for high-speed fiber connections, enhancing network performance.
    • Powerful CPU: Equipped with a 4-core processor for efficient multitasking and data handling.
    • RouterOS Support: Utilizes Mikrotik’s RouterOS, offering advanced routing features and configurations.
    • Advanced Cooling System: Designed for optimal thermal management to ensure reliability under heavy loads.

    User Experience

    In various scenarios, the Mikrotik CCR2004-16G-2S+PC has proven its versatility and power. Setting up the router was straightforward, thanks to the intuitive RouterOS interface. Connecting multiple devices was seamless, with no noticeable lag or connectivity issues. In a typical office environment, the router managed to handle heavy data loads. It efficiently supported video conferencing. Large file transfers and streaming services were handled without breaking a sweat.

    When tested in a home setting with multiple smart devices, the router maintained a strong and stable connection. It showcased its capability to support high bandwidth usage. The SFP+ cages were particularly beneficial for users who want to integrate fiber optics into their networks. This integration allows for future-proofing as network demands grow.

    Pros and Cons

    Pros

    • High performance with 16 Gigabit ports and 2 SFP+ cages.
    • Durable and professional design suitable for various environments.
    • RouterOS provides extensive features for advanced users.
    • Efficient cooling system, ensuring reliability during operation.

    Cons

    • Initial setup may be daunting for users unfamiliar with RouterOS.
    • Higher price point compared to basic home routers.
    • Limited documentation may require additional research for advanced configurations.

    Conclusion

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    The Mikrotik CCR2004-16G-2S+PC Ethernet router is a powerful choice for businesses. It is also a reliable option for tech-savvy individuals needing robust networking solutions. Its performance is impressive. The extensive features and professional design make it a solid investment for anyone looking to enhance their network.

    While it may come with a learning curve for beginners, it provides excellent value for the price. The benefits far outweigh the challenges. Recommended for those seeking a high-capacity router that can grow with their networking needs.