Since April 2023, Sudan has been engulfed in a devastating civil war. This conflict has spiraled into the largest humanitarian crisis on the planet. Two rival generals are in a brutal fight for control. One is the army chief, General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. The other is the commander of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo. Their conflict has shattered the nation.
A power struggle started within the military government that seized power in a 2021 coup. It has unleashed catastrophe. Tens of thousands are dead. Millions have been displaced. The country is now facing famine and massacres. This is not merely a political dispute. It signifies a collapse of a nation. This collapse reverses the fragile hopes for democracy that emerged after the 2019 revolution.
What is happening in Sudan? In this context, Sudan has been on almost every major news page in the world. Unfortunately, the events in Sudan are not good. Sudan descended into civil war in April 2023. The Sudanese army is on one side of the conflict. A powerful paramilitary force called the Repeat Support Forces is on the other side.
The war has led to famine and massacres, especially in the west of the city. It has also spread to another city. This city has been newly occupied by the rebels since the outbreak of the war in April 2023. More than 150,000 people in Sudan have been killed, and more than 12 million have been displaced.
This has been described by the United Nations as the world’s largest humanitarian crisis. Why is there a civil war in Sudan? The conflict in Sudan started in 2019. It followed the ouster of former Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir. He had been in power since 1989. In 2019, thousands of Somalis took to the streets. They demanded an end to nearly three decades of rule under the leadership of Amaal Abbas.
All the protesters also declared their support for a military coup to remove Amaal Abbas from power. People demanded the removal of Omar Abbas from power. Civilians wanted the country to become democratic after he was assassinated.
A government was formed. It was a coalition between the civilian and military. This government collapsed in another coup in October 2021. Two generals carried out the coup. The first was General Abel Fatt Al-Bohan. He was the head of the 2nd Army Division. The second was General Mahama Dandalo. He was the deputy head of the National Army and commonly known as Thahemi.
General Mahama Amid Hamdallah was the commander of the Rapid Support Forces foris. Regarding the rank, General Mohamed Al-Khilo was under General Abdel Hawat Al-Bohan. However, they had their own forces in Sudan. This happened after the two generals staged a coup and seized power. They also opposed the conditions for leading the country towards a common goal. General Abdel Fattah Al-Bohan wanted all of his forces. They numbered around 100,000. He aimed to join his forces and form a new force.
However, the leader of the organization, General Mohamed Al-Dakalo, was reluctant. He suspected that the two generals would not allow the country to establish a civilian government. They believed they would lose power and wealth. This would happen if the key to leading the country was not accepted. War broke out on April 15, 2023.
Both sides clashed. The confrontation occurred after General Mohamed, who had also expanded his paramilitary forces in the Sudanese capital, saw this as a threat and a coup. And so they opened fire and fought back. The majority of the city was occupied by Banyu forces. The city of Katuk was not taken by General Abdel Fattah al-Bohan’s forces until about two years later, in March 2025.
Who makes up the A-Force? This force was formed in 2013, originating from a militant group known as the Janjaweed. In the fourth district of Laf 4, they carried out a string of homicides and uprisings. Since 2013, they have been known to have committed genocide, killing a large number of indigenous people in the city. The group was formed under the leadership of General Daklo, who was also very powerful and had been involved in many conflicts in Yemen and Libya.
General Senidalo controlled some of Sudan’s mines. He is suspected of bringing large amounts of gold and other valuables from Sudan to the United States. The Sudanese government has accused the United Arab Emirates of orchestrating the attacks. It has even carried out drone strikes in Sudanese territory. However, the Sudanese army has been denied any involvement by the US. A powerful general has also been accused by the Sudanese army.
General Khalifah is the man in charge of a portion of the east of the country. He is accused of providing the group with weapons. He is also accused of secretly supporting them. The Sudanese military claims that General Khalifah has also sent fighter jets to assist the group. In June 2025, the SF forces formed a new government under their direction. They gained the capabilities of a major force. When they occupied territory along the Sudanese border with Ethiopia and Syria.
The government’s opposition to the Sudanese government made it abundantly clear. Sudan could not avoid becoming divided once more. The first division 4. In 2011, Sudan was divided into South Sudan and Sudan. South Sudan emerged as an independent nation that year. So what did the Sudanese army occupy?
The Sudanese army, under the leadership of General Seni Wuhan, holds most of Sudan’s territory in the north and east. This force is known to have Asian support from outside.
The United Nations recognizes the Sudanese government, which has a main base in Port Sudan and is led by Nasser Bohan. However, the headquarters of General Bohan’s forces in Port Sudan is not safe because the forces are always working, especially when the aircraft is damaged. The most severe attacks occurred in March 2025 against the Sudanese port city. The area where Seni Buhan was killed’s infrastructure, which included schools, hospitals, and roads. The two sides have been engaged in a bloody struggle for territory over the course of the past few months.
The city has caused many deaths, especially since the food supply to the region has been cut off. Is Sudan really experiencing a genocide? There are numerous ethnic groups living among the people of Sudan’s vast territory, some of which are Arab and others not. The weapons are designed to kill non-Arabs and make Arabs the most powerful people in the Sudanese region of Naf. According to a report from the UNICEF organization, residents of the Feroze region of Sudan believe that the forces commanded by General Qadalo intend to target additional non-Arab Ethnic groups.
In March 2024, the United Nations agency learned that many children in the F-15 region had been raped and sexually abused by African soldiers. A few suicide attempts occurred following the massacre of children and young women in the Daf region, according to the same report. Human Rights Watch also released a report in March 2024 claiming that the army and its allies had carried out systematic killings of people living in the city of Tambaf, particularly of the Makkah Masalit ethnic group and other non-Arab groups.
The report also stated that thousands of people were killed in the city of El Gina in the campaign to cleanse the indigenous people. The survivors of this cleansing were forced to leave the city. After the massacres in the city and the city of El Geneina. The Human Rights Watch organization asserted that Sudanese forces had the objective of removing the Masalit from all Sudanese territory. In addition, the United Nations agency conducted an investigation and discovered that in the year 2025. There was a systematic killing in the nation, particularly in the US government.
Also determined that the actions of the SF forces and their allies had indeed committed genocide in Sudan. In the past, the Sudanese government filed a complaint with the International Court of Justice (ICJ). They claimed that the Arab countries had participated in the genocide in Sudan. The Arab countries had joined forces with the OSF forces. However, the International Court of Justice rejected the complaint, stating that it had no jurisdiction over the matter. It is important to note that Sudan is Africa’s natural capital and has a vast land area of 1.9 million square kilometers.
The country borders the Red Sea and the Nile River, making the country strategically important for most foreign powers. The Sudanese population is Muslim and speaks two official languages, English and Arabic. The majority of Sudanese people were already living in poverty prior to the outbreak of the civil war, despite the country’s substantial mineral wealth following the Ottoman Empire’s fall. The Sudanese Minister of Finance claims that the country’s GDP will be even worse off by 2024 because of the country’s falling GDP. 80%. We appreciate your time and hope to see you again in the next video. Are you living in the era of the Chinese or the gods? In the time of the gods, they carry membership cards and paper cans of tea. Kor is with them. There are thousands of shops and members. in their hands.
In conclusion, the evidence from reputable international bodies paints a harrowing picture that extends beyond the frame of a simple civil war. The targeted killings, systematic sexual violence. And the deliberate destruction of non-Arab communities, particularly the Masalit, strongly indicates a campaign of ethnic cleansing. While the International Court of Justice may have dismissed a specific complaint on jurisdictional grounds. The findings from the United Nations and Human Rights Watch leave little room for doubt: the actions of the Rapid Support Forces. And their allies bear the hallmarks of genocide.
This human-made catastrophe has utterly devastated Sudan, collapsing its economy and reversing any prior developmental gains. The nation is strategically important and rich in culture and potential. However, this contrasts starkly with the reality faced by its people. They now confront famine, displacement, and systematic violence. Ultimately, the world must recognize the conflict in Sudan for what it is. It is not just a power struggle. It is a deliberate campaign of annihilation. This situation demands a coordinated and decisive international response.
