What is HTTPS? How it is working?

What is HTTPS?

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is an advanced version of HTTP. It ensures secure communication over the Internet by encrypting data. The data is transmitted between a client (browser) and a server. With the ever-growing need for online privacy and data protection, HTTPS has become essential for websites. This is particularly true for those handling sensitive information. This includes login credentials, banking data, and personal details.

What is HTTPS Used For and Why?

HTTPS is primarily used for:

• Securing Data: Protects data from being intercepted by encrypting communication.
• Authentication: Ensures that users are connecting to the legitimate website.
• Privacy: Prevents third parties from eavesdropping on the connection.
• SEO Advantage: Improves search engine ranking as HTTPS is considered more trustworthy by search engines.

Examples of usage:

• E-commerce Websites: Securing payment transactions.
• Online Banking: Encrypting sensitive financial data.
• Login Portals: Protecting user credentials.

How HTTPS Works

1. Encryption with SSL/TLS:
   HTTPS uses SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) to encrypt data. It also uses TLS (Transport Layer Security) to protect data transmitted between the client and server.
2. Certificate Verification:
   The server provides an SSL/TLS certificate to prove its authenticity.
3. Secure Connection:
   Once the certificate is verified, the data is encrypted and transmitted securely.
4. Decryption:
   Only the intended recipient (client or server) can decrypt the data, ensuring confidentiality.

Example:
When you visit https://example.com, your browser establishes an encrypted connection with the server hosting example.com. This ensures that no one can intercept the communication, even if you’re using a public Wi-Fi network.

Definition of HTTPS and Ports Used

• Definition: HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that uses encryption to protect data during transmission over the internet.
• Port Used: HTTPS operates on port 443.

Comparison of HTTPS vs. HTTP

Feature	HTTP	HTTPS
Full Form	Hypertext Transfer Protocol	Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
Security	Data is transferred in plain text, not secure	Data is encrypted using SSL/TLS
Port	80	443
Use Case	Non-sensitive data (e.g., public websites)	Sensitive data (e.g., banking, shopping)
SEO Benefit	Lower SEO ranking	Higher SEO ranking due to security
Indicator	URL starts with http://	URL starts with https://

Security

HTTPS has become a standard for secure communication on the web. It offers users peace of mind while browsing and transacting online. It is crucial for websites that handle sensitive data to adopt HTTPS for better security, trustworthiness, and SEO performance. Learn more about the network protocols…

To learn more about HTTPS, its implementation, and how it differs from HTTP, visit our website at HowTokh.com for comprehensive articles and practical guides!

What is HTTPS in Networking?

HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. It is the secure, encrypted version of the standard HTTP protocol used for communication on the World Wide Web.

In simple terms, HTTPS is a crucial technology. It creates a private and secure connection between your web browser and the website you are visiting. It ensures that data exchanged between them remains private. Hackers, eavesdroppers, or other malicious actors cannot read or tamper with it.

Think of it this way:

• HTTP is like sending a postcard—anyone who handles it can read the message.
• HTTPS is like sending a letter in a locked, tamper-proof safe. Only the intended recipient has the key to open it. They can then read the contents.

How Does HTTPS Work? The Magic of TLS/SSL

HTTPS achieves its security by using a protocol called TLS (Transport Layer Security), formerly known as SSL (Secure Sockets Layer). Here’s a simplified breakdown of the process:

1. The Handshake (Authentication & Key Exchange):
   • When you connect to an HTTPS website (e.g., https://www.example.com), your browser asks the server to identify itself.
   • The server sends back a copy of its SSL/TLS certificate. It is a digital document that proves the website’s identity. This certificate contains a public key.
   • Your browser verifies that this certificate is valid. It confirms the certificate is issued by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA). It also ensures it matches the website you’re trying to visit.
2. Encryption:
   • Once the certificate is verified, your browser checks the public key. The server also uses the public key. Together, they establish a shared symmetric session key.
   • This session key encrypts all data transmitted between your browser and the server. It is used for the duration of the session. This encryption scrambles the data, making it unreadable to anyone intercepting it.
3. Data Integrity:
   • TLS also provides a message integrity check. This means it can detect if any data has been altered or corrupted during transmission.

When and Why Do We Use HTTPS?

You use HTTPS in every interaction that requires privacy, security, or data integrity. Today, this means almost everything on the web.

1. To Protect Sensitive User Information
This is the most critical use case. HTTPS is mandatory for any website that handles:

• Login credentials (usernames and passwords)
• Credit card numbers and financial transactions (e-commerce, online banking)
• Personal data (addresses, phone numbers, social security numbers)
• Private messages and emails

2. To Verify Website Authenticity
The SSL/TLS certificate helps prevent phishing attacks. You will see the padlock icon (🔒) in your browser’s address bar. It indicates that a trusted third party has confirmed the website’s identity. This makes it much harder for a hacker to create a fake, malicious site that looks like your bank’s website.

3. To Improve Search Engine Ranking (SEO)
Search engines like Google use HTTPS as a ranking signal. Websites using HTTPS are likely to rank higher in search results. Sites that don’t use HTTPS may not perform as well. This gives site owners a strong incentive to switch.

4. To Enable Modern Web Features
Many new and powerful web technologies and APIs (e.g., Geolocation, Service Workers for Progressive Web Apps) require a secure HTTPS context to function in modern browsers. This is a deliberate push by the tech industry to make the web safer by default.

5. For General Browsing Privacy
Even if you’re not sending sensitive data, HTTPS provides privacy. It prevents your Internet Service Provider (ISP) from seeing any specific page you visit on a website. The government, or someone on the same public Wi-Fi network, cannot see these pages either. They can see you visited google.com, but they cannot see that you were searching for “private health advice.”

Conclusion

In summary, HTTPS is the secure, encrypted backbone of the modern internet. It is no longer a luxury reserved for banking sites; it is a critical necessity for every website. Its use provides three core benefits:

1. Encryption: It encrypts the data between the user and the server to prevent eavesdropping.
2. Authentication: It verifies that users are communicating with the intended website and not an imposter.
3. Data Integrity: It ensures that the data sent between the user and the server has not been altered in transit.

The web has overwhelmingly moved towards HTTPS. Today, any website not using HTTPS is flagged as “Not Secure” by major browsers. This rightly discourages users from trusting those websites. Therefore, we use HTTPS to create a web that is safer, more private, and more trustworthy for everyone.