What is PPPoE? (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet)

🔍 In broadband networking—especially for DSL and fiber connections—PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) is a widely used protocol. It allows ISPs (Internet Service Providers) to manage user authentication, session control, and IP allocation over Ethernet networks. It’s commonly used in home and small business internet setups, including on devices like MikroTik routers and DSL modems.

PPPoE Explained

Definition:

PPPoE is a protocol that encapsulates PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) frames inside Ethernet frames. It combines the functionality of PPP, such as authentication, encryption, and compression, with Ethernet. This allows multiple users to connect to a single Ethernet line. Each user is individually authenticated by the ISP.

Function of PPPoE

PPPoE is used to:

1. Authenticate Users – Users must enter a username and password, which the ISP verifies.
2. Assign IP Addresses – Once authenticated, the ISP dynamically assigns an IP address (private or public).
3. Track Usage/Billing – The ISP can manage and monitor usage per user session.
4. Support Multiple Users – It allows multiple clients on the same link to be handled separately.

How PPPoE Works: Step-by-Step

1. Discovery Phase
   • The router or PC sends out a PPPoE discovery packet (PADILooking for an Access Concentrator (ISP device).
2. Session Initialization
   • The ISP replies, and a session is established (PADR, PADS).
3. Authentication Phase
   • The user provides credentials (username/password).
   • ISP uses PAP or CHAP to authenticate.
4. Session Established
   • Once authenticated, the ISP assigns an IP address to the client.
   • A virtual tunnel is formed between the user’s router and the ISP.
5. Data Transfer
   • Internet access begins over this authenticated tunnel.
6. Session Termination
   • The session can be terminated by the user, router, or ISP.

Comparison: PPPoE Account vs Public IP Address

Feature	PPPoE Account	Public IP Address
Definition	A login-based internet connection method	A unique IP address assigned to a device
Used For	User authentication and session management	Routing traffic directly to/from the internet
Assigned By	ISP, based on user credentials	ISP, usually static or dynamic
Requires Login	Yes (Username & Password)	No login; assigned automatically
Dynamic/Static	Usually dynamic, but can be static	Can be static or dynamic
Visibility	Traffic is behind PPP session (sometimes NATed)	Directly exposed to the internet
Common on	DSL, Fiber routers (e.g., MikroTik, TP-Link)	Servers, business routers, high-end plans
Security Level	Higher (due to authentication)	Lower (if exposed; needs firewall rules)

PPPoE provides a secure, manageable way for ISPs to authenticate and assign IP addresses to users over Ethernet networks. It plays a crucial role in environments where user-level session management is needed. A PPPoE account ensures authenticated access to the internet service. A public IP address determines how a device is reachable on the Internet.

Understanding both is vital for network administrators, especially when setting up routers like MikroTik or Cisco. Visit the diagram of the PPPoE process or example configurations for MikroTik or Cisco routers.

Product Review: Cisco Business Switch

The Cisco Business CBS110-16T Unmanaged Switch is a 16-port Gigabit Ethernet switch. It is designed for small to medium-sized businesses. These businesses seek reliable network performance without the need for extensive IT management. Cisco, a leader in network technology, manufactures this unmanaged switch. It is ideal for environments such as retail stores, open-plan offices, and classrooms. Simplicity and efficiency are paramount in these settings.

Appearance and Design

The CBS110-16T features an elegant and compact design that seamlessly integrates into various settings. With a sturdy exterior, the switch is built to withstand daily use while maintaining a professional appearance. The absence of cooling fans ensures silent operation, making it suitable for noise-sensitive environments. Its compact size provides versatile installation options. It can be placed on a desk, mounted on a wall, or situated in a wiring closet.

Key Features and Specifications

• Ports: 16 x 10/100/1000 Gigabit Ethernet ports
• Plug-and-Play: No configuration needed, making it easy to set up and use.
• Flexibility: Supports various configurations, including PoE options for powering devices.
• Performance: Integrated Quality of Service (QoS) for optimizing delay-sensitive services.
• Energy Efficiency: Compliant with IEEE802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet, reducing operational costs.
• Warranty: Limited lifetime warranty and one-year technical support.

Experience Using the Product

In my experience with the Cisco CBS110-16T, the installation process was straightforward. Plugging in the cables and powering on the device resulted in immediate connectivity without any complex configuration. The switch performed reliably in various scenarios. It handled basic office networking tasks efficiently. It also managed multiple video streams during presentations in a classroom setting. The QoS feature noticeably improved video quality, ensuring seamless playback without lag.

Powering devices through PoE has been a game-changer, allowing for a cleaner setup without excess cabling clutter. Its quiet operation means it can comfortably reside in an office environment without being distracting. The energy-efficient design also contributes to reduced power bills, making it a wise investment for budget-conscious users.

Pros and Cons

Pros

• Easy plug-and-play setup.
• Compact and visually appealing design.
• Reliable performance with QoS for sensitive applications.
• Energy-efficient and fanless operation.
• Limited lifetime warranty providing peace of mind.

Cons

• Limited to unmanaged features, which may not suit advanced users needing configuration options.
• No built-in management interface for monitoring traffic or performance.

Conclusion

The Cisco Business CBS110-16T Unmanaged Switch is an excellent choice. It stands out for small to medium-sized businesses looking for a reliable and efficient networking solution. Its user-friendly design makes it suitable for a variety of environments. Its robust performance also adds to its adaptability. Additionally, its energy-efficient features help reduce operational costs.

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Although it lacks advanced management options, it offers plug-and-play simplicity. Its solid warranty makes it a compelling option for those who prioritize ease of use and dependability. I would highly recommend the CBS110-16T for anyone in need of a straightforward networking solution.

Although it lacks advanced management options, it offers plug-and-play simplicity. Its solid warranty makes it a compelling option for those who prioritize ease of use and dependability. I would highly recommend the CBS110-16T for anyone in need of a straightforward networking solution.